Nepal has entered a period of political and social upheaval after Prime Minister K.P. Sharma Oli resigned on Tuesday, following mass youth-led demonstrations, violent clashes, and mounting pressure from the military.

Death Toll and Violence

The crisis has already claimed at least 20 lives, with hundreds more injured during days of violent confrontations between protesters and security forces. Police used water cannons, tear gas, rubber bullets, and live ammunition to disperse crowds after demonstrations turned into riots across Kathmandu and other major cities.

What Was Destroyed

The unrest left a trail of destruction in Nepal’s capital and beyond:

Government buildings – Portions of the federal parliament complex, local municipal offices, and even sections of the prime minister’s residence were set ablaze.

Police and security posts – Several were attacked and torched.

Public and private property – Vehicles, including government cars and public buses, were destroyed.

Commercial areas – Shops in busy markets were looted, and businesses reported heavy damage.

Infrastructure – Roads, barricades, and surveillance systems such as CCTV cameras were vandalized, hampering security operations.

Political Resignations

Prime Minister Oli stepped down on September 9, 2025, citing “extraordinary circumstances.” His departure was followed by a wave of political fallout:

The Home Minister, Agriculture Minister, and Health Minister all resigned in protest at the government’s handling of the crisis.

21 lawmakers from the Rashtriya Swatantra Party also submitted their resignations, demanding fresh elections and systemic reforms.

Despite the government’s decision to lift the controversial social media ban that sparked the protests, demonstrations have not fully subsided.

Who Holds Authority Now?

In the absence of Oli, Nepal’s Army Chief, General Ashok Raj Sigdel, has emerged as a decisive authority figure. He publicly urged Oli to resign, signaling the military’s role in ensuring political transition and national security.

An emergency remains in effect in several districts, and curfews are being enforced in Kathmandu. The army is now coordinating with police to maintain order and prevent further escalation.

A caretaker government is expected to be formed, though political negotiations remain uncertain amid widespread calls for fresh elections.

Wider Significance

Analysts say the Gen Z-led protests go beyond anger over digital censorship. They reflect deep-rooted frustration with corruption, unemployment, and perceived failures of Nepal’s political elite.

Rights groups have condemned the use of live ammunition against demonstrators, while the government has pledged compensation for victims’ families and launched a 15-day commission of inquiry into the violence.

Outlook

While Oli’s resignation has eased immediate tensions, the combination of political instability, economic frustration, and youth-led activism points to a prolonged crisis. Whether Nepal moves toward democratic reform or further unrest will depend heavily on how the military, political parties, and civil society navigate the next few weeks.